• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A drainage element, drainage system and method of draining. The drainage element (10) is a groove-like elongated element mountable against a mounting surface. The drainage element comprises a shell 17 with an open side whereby the shell forms a water receiving space 27.
    公开号:FI20205165A1
    申请号:FI20205165
    申请日:2020-02-18
    公开日:2021-04-15
    发明作者:Harri Väistö；Heikki Koivurova
    申请人:Norrapro Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Drainage element, system and method for draining Background of the invention The invention relates to a drainage element intended to be part of drainage system of an underground space and configured to collect ground water and lead it away.
    The invention further relates to a drainage system and to a method for draining underground spaces.
    The field of the invention is defined more specif- ically in the preambles of the independent claims.
    Underground spaces such as tunnels, storage spaces, underground rock cavities, mine galleries etc. are typically provided with drainage systems for collecting ground water and leading away.
    The drainage systems comprise vertical drainage pipes which are arranged on tunnel surfaces for leading the water from the roofs or walls to horizontal draining pipes which are arranged on the bottom of the tunnel.
    The vertical drainage pipes are usually covered with a layer of shotcrete.
    Several different type of drainage elements for building the drainage systems for underground constructions have been developed.
    However, the present so- lutions contain some disadvantages regarding their mounta- bility and complicated structure.
    Brief description of the invention < 25 An object of the invention is to provide a novel N and improved drainage element, drainage system and method S for draining underground spaces. 00 The drainage element according to the invention is = characterized by the characterizing features of the first * 30 independent apparatus claim. © The drainage system according to the invention is S characterized by the characterizing features of the second Q independent apparatus claim.
    The method according to the invention is character- ized by the characterizing features of the independent method claim.
    An idea of the disclosed solution is that a drainage element is designed for a drainage system of an underground space. The drainage element is an elongated object provided with a shell. Inside the shell there is a water receiving space. The disclosed drainage element has groove-like con- figuration. Thereby, the shell of the drainage element is provided with a longitudinal side opening which is config- ured to be faced towards a rock surface or corresponding mounting surface. In other words, the drainage element is without a closed shell structure. In fact, the drainage element with open side forms together with the mounting surface the water receiving space with the closed cross- section.
    An advantage of the disclosed solution is that the drainage element can be mounted directly against the mount- ing surface, such as a rock surface. There is no necessarily need for any additional components for guiding water and supporting the structure. A further advantage is that the disclosed solution provides a flexible building system for forming desired drainage systems at the work site. The dis- closed drainage elements are easy to handle and are fast to mount and connect to each other. Further, the mounting and o handling does not necessary require any special tools and O skills.
    eu According to an embodiment, the drainage element P is configured to receive water into the water receiving - 30 space through the open side opening facing towards the rock E surface.
    LO According to an embodiment, the cross section of = the drainage element is semi-circular or substantially semi- N circular. Then the cross section is provided with a contin- N 35 uous curved shape wherein magnitude of radius of the curve may be constant, or it may vary at different section of the curved shape.
    According to an embodiment, the cross section of the drainage element has two edges and a curved portion between them.
    Alternatively, the portion between the edges may be angular and may comprise two or more straight walls.
    In other words, the cross section of the drainage element may have different forms and shapes.
    According to an embodiment, the shell of the drain- age element is impermeable to water.
    Then the shell prevents water inside the water collecting space to penetrate through the shell and to wet a shotcrete layer on the drainage element.
    According to an embodiment, the shell of the drain- age element may comprise small openings but is still imper- meable to water.
    The openings may be so small that the collected water cannot penetrate them.
    The water inside the drainage element 1s not pressurized and also interfacial tension of water droplets keeps the water inside the ele- ment.
    Further, the shotcrete material cannot penetrate in- side the drainage element through the small openings.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is made of resilient material and the structure of the drainage element is flexible.
    An advantage of the flexibility is that the drainage element may adapt surface topography of walls o and ceilings of the underground space.
    N According to an embodiment, the drainage element is N made of plastic material.
    Plastic materials are durable, inexpensive and light-weight. 2 30 According to an embodiment, the drainage element is E made of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) plastic LO material. = According to an embodiment, the drainage element is N made of recycled plastic material.
    N 35
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is alternatively made of stainless steel or acid-proof stain- less steel.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element 1s formed by means of injection molding techniques. The injection molding is a cost effective way for producing large production series. Further, products made by the in- jection molding are accurate.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is made by means of any other plastic molding technique.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is made by means of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, for example by means of 3D-printing. Several materials, like plastics, can be 3D-printed.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is formed of an elongated tubular preform, such as a plastic pipe, which is cut longitudinally into two halves or open pieces. In this alternative solution it is possible to mod- ify a commercially available water tube by making a longi- tudinal opening to its one side by means of sawing or mill- ing, for example.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is provided with a level indicator extending a transverse dis- tance outwards from an outer surface of the drainage ele- ment, whereby the level indicator is configured to indicate o desired thickness of a shotcrete layer sprayed on the drain- S age element. Thanks to the level indicator the shotcrete N layer can be made more accurately to the required thickness. P Then significant savings can be achieved since less material - 30 and work is needed.
    E According to an embodiment, the mentioned level in- LO dicator is a pin-like element. Alternatively the level in- = dicator may be a fin-like protrusion.
    N According to an embodiment, length of the mentioned N 35 level indicator is 20 - 80 mm. According to many tunneling regulations it is required that the drainage system is cov- ered by at least 50 mm layer of shotcrete material. However, in some work sites and circumstances the required layer thickness may be 80 mm, 100 mm or more. Then the level 5 indicator is dimensioned in accordance with the requirement. According to an embodiment, the level indicator is inseparable part of the drainage element. The level indi- cator may have a transport or storage position wherein the level indicator is at its low position and an operative position, wherein the level indicator is in its protruding state. The level indicator may be connected to the basic structure of the drainage element by means of a hinge or bendable section, for example. According to an embodiment, the level indicator is a separate piece which is mountable to the upper surface of the basic structure of the drainage element. The upper sur- face may comprise a mounting recess inside which a lower end of the level indicator may be inserted. According to an embodiment, the level indicator may be provided with desired coloring in order to improve its visibility. Alternative, or in addition to the level indi- cator may be provided with light reflecting features. According to an embodiment, the drainage element and the level indicator are both made by means of molding in one go. In addition to or alternatively, one or more o mounting aid means may be mold at the same time with the N draining element. Thereby, a complete mounting set compris- N ing the basic drainage element, fastening means and the <Q level pin may be formed simultaneously by using the molding - 30 techniques. E According to an embodiment, the drainage element LO comprises in addition to its basic configuration also fas- = tening elements, which are connected in a removable manner N to the basic structure.N
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element comprises several fastening holes through which plastic push-in retainers are mountable.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element comprises pre-marked fastening hole locations through which fastening holes are to be drilled to a rock surface. After the drilling the push-in retainers are pushed through the fastening holes and to the drilled holes on the rock sur- face.
    According to an embodiment, the push-in retainers are quick coupling elements, which provide tool-free fas- tening for the drainage element. The push-in retainers may comprise fins or other protrusions which bend or shape when being pushed into the drill hole. Alternatively, the re- tainer may comprise a compressible portion which generates needed friction forces.
    According to an embodiment, the push-in retainers needed for fastening the drainage element are connected to the drainage element and removable when needed. Thereby the fastening elements are always available and easy to use. The fastening elements may be connected to the basic struc- ture by means of tearing sections or clips, for example.
    According to an embodiment, the mentioned push-in retainers are mold simultaneously with the basic drainage element.
    o According to an embodiment, the shell of the drain- N age element has corrugated configuration, whereby the outer N surface comprises alternating and valleys (or furrows) and ridges.
    - 30 According to an embodiment, the rigidity of the E drainage element is substantially improved by providing the LO outer surface of the drainage element with the corrugated = configuration.
    N According to an embodiment, the valleys and ridges N 35 of the corrugated surface are parallel and are orientated transversely relative to a longitudinal axis of the struc- ture.
    An advantage of the transverse corrugations is that the structure of the drainage element is easily bendable to correspond shape of an uneven rock surface.
    The drainage element bendable in its longitudinal direction and still the corrugations make the structure rigid.
    The structure tolerates well forces trying to collapse the groove-like structure.
    According to an embodiment, the corrugated surface profile may also provide shape locking means for end por- tions of the drainage element.
    When correspondingly shaped corrugated end portions are overlapped the end portions are then connected by means of shape locking.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element may comprise a connecting arrangement or system at its one end.
    Then the drainage element comprises an extension part and at one end of the extension part is a branch part comprising at least two fittings for allowing connection of at least two drainage elements with groove-like configura- tion to the fittings.
    The mentioned extension part and the branch part both have groove-like configuration.
    The exten- sion part may be a rigid straight element.
    In another em- bodiment the extension part may comprise a bendable struc- ture.
    According to an embodiment, a connecting arrange- o ment or system of the drainage elements comprises a separate N connecting piece mountable on two connecting ends.
    The con- N necting piece may be a groove like element which is mount- <Q able in transverse direction on the connecting ends.
    The - 30 connecting ends may be arranged to abut.
    When the connecting E ends of the two drainage elements are provided with corru- LO gated outer surfaces, then the inner surface of the con- = necting piece may comprise mounting surfaces which may be N supported and possibly locked to surfaces of the corruga- N 35 tions.
    Then no separate fastening means are required.
    The connecting piece may comprise corrugated shell structure.
    According to an embodiment, the above disclosed sep- arate connecting piece may also be used as a patching ele- ment in case the drainage element is damaged. The connecting piece or patching element can be easily and quickly pressed on the damaged point.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element comprises at least one removable end plug for closing at least one of the mentioned fittings of the branch part. The end plug provides the drainage element with a provision for connecting desired number or other drainage element to the branch part and allows directing and branching the drainage line to one or more directions.
    According to an embodiment, the above mentioned re- movable end plug is removable and mountable selectively to another fitting of the branch part.
    According to an embodiment, the branch part has three fittings. A first fitting is located on a central line of the extension part and a second and third fitting have angular orientation relative to the central first fitting.
    Further, the second and third fittings are provided with the removable and re-mountable end plugs.
    According to an embodiment, the mentioned end plug is made of same material as the basic structure of the drainage element. Further, the end plug may be mold simul- taneously with the rest of the basic structure of the drain- o age element. N According to an embodiment, the branch part has a N substantially triangular shape when seen from above. According to an embodiment, one or more edges of - 30 the shell of the drainage element comprise several flexible E sealing lips. The sealing lips are configured to seal the LO edges to a mounting surface. = According to an embodiment, the edge provided with N the several lips has fringed configuration. The mentioned N 35 lips are configured to be automatically adjusted in accord- ance with the shape of the rock surface when the drainage element is pressed against the rock surface with fastening forces.
    According to an embodiment, the sealing lips have curved configuration and they protrude laterally outwards from the mentioned edges. Then the sealing lips will bend properly in outward direction when the drainage element is pushed against the rock surface, and further, the sealing lips are locked by means of the shotcrete which is sprayed on them and proper sealing and fastening is provided thereby.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element is provided with shape locking elements for connecting two or more drainage elements together. Then the drainage element comprises a first end provided with a first shape locking element and a second end provided with at least one second shape locking element. The mentioned first and second shape locking elements are compatible so that they form a mating pair which can be connected easily and quickly to each other.
    According to an embodiment, the first end provided with the first shape locking elements can be positioned above the second end and can then be pushed towards the second shape locking elements, whereby the first end and the second are partially overlapped and their shape locking elements are connected to each other. The disclosed solution o provides a tool-free connecting solution which reauires no N separate connecting elements. N According to an embodiment, the mentioned shape <Q locking elements at the ends of the drainage element may - 30 comprise the mentioned corrugated surfaces of the basic E structure and it may be sufficient to set the corrugations LO to overlap so that one valley and one hill are one above = another. N According to an embodiment, when the second end of N 35 the drainage element comprises a branch part comprising two or more fittings, then the fittings are provided with the second shape locking elements which are configured to re- ceive the first shape locking element of the first end of another drainage element. Thereby two or more drainage el- ements may be connected to each other by utilizing the shape locking elements integrated to their end parts.
    According to an embodiment, inside the inner space of the drainage element is at least one transverse support element height of which corresponds to inner dimension of the inner space. The support element may be an inner pillar, beam or flange. The support element may be an integrated inseparable part of the structure.
    According to an embodiment, a free end of the men- tioned support element is configured to extend to the rock surface when the drainage element is mounted against the rock surface.
    According to an embodiment, the mentioned support element comprises a fastening hole passing through it and allowing a fastening element to be mounted through the sup- port element.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage element comprises at least one cable holder. Then the drainage el- ement may serve as fastening base for the cable holder. No separate cable holders are needed, whereby additional com- ponent and fastening costs may be avoided.
    According to an embodiment, the mentioned cable o holder is for supporting one or more electric cables, op- S tical wires or data communication cables.
    N According to an embodiment, the drainage element P comprises several cable holders on its inner surface.
    2 30 According to an embodiment, the drainage element E comprises several cable holders on its outer surface. It LO may also possible to provide the drainage element with cable = holders on its both surfaces.
    N According to an embodiment, the cable holders are N 35 integrated inseparable parts of the drainage element. Fur- ther, the cable holders may be made of the same material as the basic structure of the drainage element. When the drain- age element is made by molding, then the cable holders may be formed simultaneously with the basic structure. According to an embodiment, the cable holders com- prise clips so that the cable or wire can be mounted by pushing and no tools are required in the mounting. Thus, the cable holders allow tool-free mounting and comprise no separate fastening parts, whereby the mounting in difficult conditions is easy and fast.
    According to an embodiment, length of the drainage element is 300 -— 2000 mm.
    According to an embodiment, length of the drainage element is 750 — 1000 mm. According to an embodiment, height of the basic structure of the drainage element is 20 - 100 mm.
    According to an embodiment, width of the branching part of the drainage element is typically 50 - 250 mm. However, in some cases the width may be up to maximum 500 mm.
    According to an embodiment, the disclosed solution relates to a drainage system for collecting and carrying off groundwater from an underground rock space. The drainage system comprises one or more drainage elements mountable between a rock surface and a shotcrete layer forming an inner surface of the rock space. The mentioned drainage o element is as it is disclosed above in this document and N has an open groove-like configuration. Longitudinal open N side of the element is mounted against the rock surface P whereby the drainage element can receive the groundwater - 30 through the open side facing towards the rock surface. In E the system two or more such groove-like drainage elements LO can be coupled together and they can together receive the = ground water and form a flow path for leading the water ä away.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage elements are flexible objects whereby their shape is adjustable in accordance with the uneven rock surface.
    According to an embodiment, the drainage elements are mounted against a pre-reinforced surface of an under- ground surface.
    A fractured rock surface may be at first reinforced with rock bolts.
    It may also be provided with a prime shotcrete layer, whereby the drainage elements are mounted against the primary of or base shotcrete layer.
    In other words, the drainage elements may be located between two shotcrete layers in this embodiment.
    The disclosed drainage elements can be fastened against any possible sur- face materials of the tunnels and underground spaces.
    According to an embodiment, the disclosed solution relates to a method for draining an underground space.
    The method comprises: mounting several longitudinal drainage elements to a rock surface or mounting surface of the space in order to form several vertical drainage lines; connecting lower ends of the drainage elements to transverse collecting channels; and spraying a shotcrete layer on a drainage sys- tem comprising the mentioned drainage lines and collecting channels.
    More specifically the method comprises using groove-like drainage elements comprising two longitudinal edges; and mounting the edges against the rock surface whereby the rock surface and a shell of the drainage element o together limit a longitudinal inner space for receiving S groundwater from the rock surface.
    N According to an embodiment, the method comprises P forming several casing-type structures on the inner surface - 30 of a tunnel or corresponding rock space.
    E According to an embodiment, the method comprises LO using drainage elements with water tight shell. = According to an embodiment, the method comprises N positioning and orientating the drainage elements in ac- N 35 cordance with detected fractures on the rock surface.
    According to an embodiment, the method further com- prises connecting selectively two or more drainage elements consecutively so that the drainage elements follow the de- tected fractures or other ground water leaking positions on the rock surface.
    Thus, the drainage elements and the ver- tical drainage lines may be arranged to positions where they are needed the most.
    Further, the fractures may yaw and the drainage elements may be arranged to follow them.
    According to an embodiment, the method comprises mounting the vertical drainage lines at pre-determined dis- tances along the entire length of the tunnel.
    Some additional issues and advantages are also dis- closed: - The disclosed solution is advantageous for lo- gistics.
    The drainage elements are relatively compact objects to be handled, transport and store.
    Especially when the drainage elements can be stacked one above another so that they are partly inside each other, their transport and temporary storage at the mounting site is easy. - The disclosed solution is environmentally friendly since it can be made of recycled mate- rials.
    Also the mentioned effective logistics provided environmental advantages. - Due to the disclosed solution there is no need o to use wire meshes and nets above the drainage N system.
    When the metallic reinforcement can be N left out, which leads to cost savings and reduced P environmental load. - 30 The above disclosed embodiments may be combined in E order to form suitable solutions having those of the above 10 features that are needed.
    S Brief description of the figures N Some embodiments are described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel,
    Figure 2 is a schematic view of a tunnel and its drainage system, Figures 3 is a schematic view of a wall surface of a tunnel provided with a drainage line, Figure 4 is a schematic top view of a drainage el- ement, Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the drainage element shown in Figure 4, Figure 6 is a schematic top view of a branch part of a drainage element, Figure 7 is a schematic view of a drainage system comprising two drainage elements connected to each other, Figures 8 - 13 are a schematic views of possible cross-sectional profiles of some drainage elements, Figure 14 is a schematic view of a drainage element which is without a branch part, Figure 15 is an end view of a pipe which is cut into two halves in order to produce two open sided drainage elements, and Figure 16 is a schematic side view of a push-in retainer intended for fastening a drainage element.
    For the sake of clarity, the figures show some em- bodiments of the disclosed solution in a simplified manner. In the figures, like reference numerals identify like ele- ments. < Detailed description of some embodiments N Figure 1 shows a tunnel, which is an underground S space 1 wherein occurs a need for drainage means disclosed 2 in this document. Similar need exists also for different = 30 underground mine galleries, parking spaces and storage so spaces. The underground space 1 comprises a bottom 2, a e ceiling 3 and side walls 4. S Figure 2 discloses that the underground space 1 may N be provided with several vertical drainage lines 5 which are configured to receive 6 ground water and to lead it to transverse collecting channels 7. The vertical drainage lines 5 can be built according to the need using drainage elements disclosed above in this document.
    The vertical drainage lines 5 can be mounted directly against a rock surface 8 of the underground space 1. The drainage lines 5 can be dimensioned case by case and they can extend to the ceiling 3 too.
    At least one shotcrete layer 9 is sprayed on the walls 4 and the ceiling 3 so that the vertical drainage lines 5 are covered by shotcrete material.
    Figure 3 discloses a detail of a wall structure of an underground space 1. A drainage line 5 may be formed of several drainage elements 10a - 10c mounted successively to each other.
    Thus, there are joints 11 between them.
    It may also be possible to use relatively long single drainage elements.
    The drainage elements 10 are fastened to a rock surface 8. Alternatively the drainage elements 10 are fas- tened to reinforcing layer or structure mounted on the rock surface prior to building the drainage system.
    Figure 3 further discloses that on a top surface of the drainage element 10b may be a level indicator 12 for facilitating spraying of shotcrete layer 9 with correct thickness.
    Figures 4 and 5 disclose a drainage element 10 com- prising a linear extension part 13 and a branch part 14 at one end of the extension part 13. The branch part 14 is provided with two or more fittings 15a - 15c which allow connecting same type of drainage elements to the fittings o 15a — 15b.
    The branch part 14 shown in Figures 4 and 5 N comprise the branch part with three fittings.
    A first fit- N ting 15a is located on a central line CL of the extension <Q part and a second fitting 15b and a third fitting 15c have - 30 angular orientation relative to the central first fitting.
    E Further, the second and third fittings 15, 15c are provided LO with the removable and re-mountable end plugs 16a, 16b.
    The = central first fitting 15a may receive the plugs 16 if re- N moved from the other fittings 15b, 15c.
    N 35 A shell 17 of the drainage element 10 is corrugated and comprises valleys 18 and ridges 19 which are oriented transversely relative to the central line CL. Further, edges of the shell 17 comprise several flexible sealing lips 20. The drainage element 10 may also comprise several fastening holes 21 through which push-in retainers or screws can be mounted. On the top surface there may be length markings 22 for facilitating mounting of the drainage element 10. Length of the extension part 13 can selected and the extension part 13 can be shortened by simply cutting it. When the drainage element 10 is made of plastic material, it is very easy and quick to execute the cutting at the work site for example by means of a hand saw.
    At a first end there may be first shape locking means 30 and at a second there are second shape locking means 31. The shape locking means and principles may be as it is disclosed above in this document.
    Figure 6 is an enlarged presentation of the branch part 14. The branch part 14 having three fittings 15a — 15c offer several alternative combinations to connect next drainage element. Each fitting 15a — 15c can be used alone (15a; 15b; 15c) or in combination with one or two other fittings (15a + 15b; 15a + 150; 15b + 15c) whereby there are six different connection settings. Thus, the branching part 14 can be utilized for linear and angular extension and also for branching. An arrow A indicates that the pre- mounted end plugs 16a, 16b can be removed and mounted to o the central fitting 15a if needed. N The features of the drainage element 10 shown in N Figures 4 — 6 have already been discussed in more detailed P above in this document. - 30 Figure 7 discloses connection of two similar kind E of drainage elements 10a and 10b together. An extension part LO 13 of the drainage element 10b is connected to a central = fitting 15a of a branch part 14 of the drainage element 10a. N The connection or joint may be based on shape locking. End N 35 plugs 16a, 16b can be removed after which fittings 15b and 15c can also be provided with drainage elements 10c and 10d,
    and similarly the drainage element 10b may be connected selectively to one to three drainage elements 10e - 10%. When the drainage elements 10 are provided with several fittings 15 that allow the drainage line 5 to branch into desired directions, the formed drainage line 5 may be ef- fectively directed to points and areas where ground water leaks and may cause problems.
    Also lengths of the extension parts 13 of the drainage elements 10 can be selected case by case.
    When no side branching is needed, only the central fittings 1ba are utilized.
    For clarity reasons, the drainage line 5 is shown in horizontal position in Figure 7. Figure 8 discloses a drainage element 10 provided with a cable holder 23 for supporting cables 24, such as electric cables, optical wires or data communication cables.
    The cable holder 23 may comprise clips 25 so that the cable or wire can be simply mounted by pushing and no tools are required in the mounting process.
    In Figure 8 the cable holder 23 is located on an inner surface 17a of a shell 17 of the drainage element 10. Figure 8 further shows in an exaggerated manner flexible curved sealing lips 20 at edges of the shell 17. The drainage element 10 may or may not comprise these seal- ing lips 20, or the lips 20 may be only at selected locations of the drainage element 10. o In Figure 9 there are two cable holders 23 on an N outer surface 17b of a shell 17 of a drainage element 10. N Figure 9 further discloses that inside an inner space of <Q the drainage element 10 may be one or more transverse sup- - 30 port elements 26, such as pins or fins.
    The support elements E 26 may extend to a mounting surface 8. LO Figures 8 and 9 further disclose that the shell 17 = has groove-like configuration with one open side.
    Then the N shell 17 limits together with the mounting surface 8 a water N 35 receiving space 27 so that water may leak 6 inside the space 27 and flow away in longitudinal direction of the space 27.
    Figures 10 - 13 show some cross-sectional profiles of different drainage elements 10. In Figure 10 a shell 17 is provided with slanted sides and a flat top surface. In Figure 11 the shell 17 is curved and radius of curvature varies. In Figure 12 the shell 17 has linear slanted sides and a curved top surface. In Figure 13 the shell 17 has several straight wall sections with angular orientation relative to each other. Thus, there are several possible cross-sectional profiles to be considered for the drainage elements.
    Figure 14 discloses a drainage element 10 comprising only an extension part 13. Thus, the structure may be oth- erwise the same as it is disclosed in the previous Figures but the branch part is missing. This kind of drainage ele- ments 10 may be connected one after each other, and in addition to, they can be combined with drainage elements provided with the branch parts. Length of the shown drainage element 10 may be dimensioned relatively freely, and the drainage element 10 can be easily cut into desired length at the mounting site. The drainage element 10 may made of flexible material whereby it may be bent relative to its longitudinal axis. The drainage element 10 may be connected to other drainage elements by arranging its connecting ends to overlapping configuration with matching other connecting ends.
    o Figure 15 discloses a tube 28 which can be cut 29 N longitudinally into two halves that form two drainage ele- N ments 10 with shells 17 and water receiving spaces 27. This P way a commercially available and inexpensive plastic tube - 30 or pipe can be utilized as a blank when forming the drainage E element 10. The longitudinal cutting is easy and quick to LO execute by means of a circular saw. Edges of the shell 17 = may be provided with a glued or shape locked sealing strip N provided with several flexible sealing lips. N 35 Figure 16 shows an example of a plastic push-in retainer 32. The drainage element can be fastened by means of several such push-in retainers which can simply be pushed into drill holes. The drawings and the related description are only intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. In its details, the invention may vary within the scope of the claims. oONON
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    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1] 1. A drainage element (10) for a drainage system of an underground space (1), wherein the drainage element (10) is an elongated object provided with a shell (17) inside which is a water receiving space (27); characterized in that the drainage element (10) has groove-like configu- ration, whereby the shell (27) of the drainage element (10) is provided with a longitudinal side opening which is con- figured to be faced towards a mounting surface (8).
    [2] 2. The element as claimed in claim 1, charac- terized in that the shell (17) of the drainage element (10) is im- permeable to water.
    [3] 3. The element as claimed in claim 1, charac- terized in that the drainage element (10) is made of resilient ma- terial and the structure of the drainage element (10) is flexible.
    [4] 4. The element as claimed in any one of the preced- o ing claims 1 - 3, characterized in that N the drainage element (10) is formed by means of N injection molding techniques.
    [5] I © — 30 5. The element as claimed in any one of the preced- E ing claims 1 - 4, characterized in that LO the drainage element (10) is provided with a level = indicator (12) extending a transverse distance outwards from N an outer surface of the drainage element (10), whereby the N 35 level indicator (12) is configured to indicate desired thickness of a shotcrete layer (9) sprayed on the drainage element (10).
    [6] 6. The element as claimed in claim any one of the preceding claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the drainage element (10) comprises several fas- tening holes (21) through which plastic push-in retainers (32) are mountable.
    [7] 7. The element as claimed in any one of the preced- ing claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the shell (17) of the drainage element (10) has corrugated configuration, whereby the outer surface com- prises alternating and valleys (18) and ridges (19).
    [8] 8. The element as claimed in any one of the preced- ing claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the drainage element (10) comprises an extension part (13); at one end of the extension part (13) is a branch part (14) comprising at least two fittings (15) for allowing connection of at least two drainage elements (10) with groove-like configuration to the fittings (15); and wherein the mentioned extension part (13) and the branch part (14) both have groove-like configuration.
    N
    [9] 9. The element as claimed in any one of the preced- N ing claims 1 - 8, characterized in that P the shell (17) of the drainage element (10) com- - 30 prises edges limiting the side opening; and E at least part of the edges are provided with several O flexible sealing lips (20). S r r N
    [10] 10. The element as claimed in any one of the pre- N 35 ceding claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the drainage element (10) comprises a first end provided with a first shape locking element (30) and a second end provided with at least one second shape locking element (31); and the mentioned first and second shape locking ele- ments (30, 31) are compatible.
    [11] 11. The element as claimed in any one of the pre- ceding claims 1 - 10 characterized in that inside the inner space (27) of the drainage element (10) is at least one transverse support element (26) height of which corresponds to inner dimension of the inner space (27).
    [12] 12. The element as claimed in any one of the pre- ceding claims 1 - 11, characterized in that the drainage element (10) comprises at least one cable holder (23).
    [13] 13. The element as claimed in any one of the pre- ceding claims 1 - 12, characterized in that length of the drainage element (10) is 700 - 2000 mm.
    [14] 14. A drainage system for collecting and carrying o off groundwater from an underground space (1), N and wherein the drainage system comprises: N at least one drainage element (10) mountable between P a mounting surface (8) and a shotcrete layer (9) forming an - 30 inner surface of the underground space (1); E characterized in that LO the mentioned drainage element (10) is in accordance = with any one of the preceding claims 1 — 12; N and wherein at least two groove-like drainage ele- N 35 ments (10) are coupled together and their longitudinal open sides are mounted against the mounting surface (8) whereby the drainage elements (10) are configured to receive the groundwater through the open side facing towards the mount- ing surface (8).
    [15] 15. A method for draining an underground space (1), wherein the method comprises: mounting several longitudinal drainage elements (10) to a mounting surface (8) of the underground space (1) in order to form several vertical drainage lines (5); connecting lower ends of the drainage elements (10) to transverse collecting channels (7); and spraying a shotcrete layer (9) on at least the men- tioned drainage lines (5); characterized by using groove-like drainage elements (10) comprising two longitudinal edges; mounting the edges against the mounting surface (8) whereby the mounting surface (8) and a shell (17) of the drainage element (10) together limit a longitudinal inner space (27) for receiving groundwater from the mounting sur- face (8). oO
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI128971B|2021-04-15|
    EP3869004A1|2021-08-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPS54176223U|1978-06-01|1979-12-12|
    JPS5562700U|1978-10-23|1980-04-28|
    JPS61229100A|1985-04-03|1986-10-13|Bridgestone Corp|Water gathering and drain apparatus|
    JPH053400U|1991-02-07|1993-01-19|丸山克|Runoff specific structure on concrete vertical wall|
    NO913052D0|1991-08-06|1991-08-06|Isola As|PROTECTIVE PLATE, SPECIFICALLY FOR CIRCULATED SURFACES.|
    EP0738825A1|1995-04-19|1996-10-23|Hans Gubler|Plastic drain|
    DE19738488A1|1997-09-04|1999-03-11|Willich F Berg Bautechnik|Surface-water drainage equipment in mines and tunnels|
    FR2839111B1|2002-04-29|2005-01-28|Regie Autonome Transports|WALL SYSTEM OF A UNDERGROUND WORK|
    EP2981674B1|2013-04-03|2018-07-04|IBS Morten Nesheim|Shielded draining pipe mesh|
    NO345436B1|2018-01-25|2021-02-01|Anleggsupport As|Spacer strip for positioning reinforcement mesh for use before applying shotcrete in tunnels.|
    法律状态:
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    FI20205165A|FI128971B|2020-02-18|2020-02-18|Drainage element, system and method for draining|FI20205165A| FI128971B|2020-02-18|2020-02-18|Drainage element, system and method for draining|
    EP21157424.9A| EP3869004A1|2020-02-18|2021-02-16|Drainage element, system and method for draining|
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